Parkinson's Disease Dementia Patients: Expression of Glia Maturation Factor in the Brain
Recommended Citation
Thangavel R, Kaur H, Dubova I, Selvakumar GP, Ahmed ME, Raikwar SP, Govindarajan R, and Kempuraj D. Parkinson's Disease Dementia Patients: Expression of Glia Maturation Factor in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25(2).
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-18-2024
Publication Title
Int J Mol Sci
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the presence of dopaminergic neuronal loss and motor disorders. PD dementia (PDD) is a cognitive disorder that affects many PD patients. We have previously demonstrated the proinflammatory role of the glia maturation factor (GMF) in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in AD, PD, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in human brains and animal models. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of the GMF in the human PDD brain. We analyzed the expression pattern of the GMF protein in conjunction with amyloid plaques (APs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum of PDD brains using immunostaining. We detected a large number of GMF-positive glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) reactive astrocytes, especially abundant in areas with degenerating dopaminergic neurons within the SN and striatum in PDD. Additionally, we observed excess levels of GMF in glial cells in the vicinity of APs, and NFTs in the SN and striatum of PDD and non-PDD patients. We found that the majority of GMF-positive immunoreactive glial cells were co-localized with GFAP-reactive astrocytes. Our findings suggest that the GMF may be involved in the pathogenesis of PDD.
Medical Subject Headings
Animals; Humans; Brain; Dementia; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Glia Maturation Factor; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Parkinson Disease
PubMed ID
38256254
Volume
25
Issue
2
