Recommended Citation
Leyh-Bannurah SR, Gazdovich S, Budaus L, Zaffuto E, Briganti A, Abdollah F, Montorsi F, Schiffmann J, Menon M, Shariat SF, Fisch M, Chun F, Steuber T, Huland H, Graefen M, and Karakiewicz PI. Local therapy improves survival in metastatic prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2017; 72(1):118-124.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
7-1-2017
Publication Title
European urology
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Treatment of the primary, termed local therapy (LT), may improve survival in metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) versus no local therapy (NLT).
OBJECTIVE: To assess cancer-specific mortality (CSM) after LT versus NLT in mPCa.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2004-2013), 13 692 mPCa patients were treated with LT (radical prostatectomy [RP] or radiation therapy [RT]) or NLT.
OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Multivariable competing risk regression analyses (MVA CRR) tested CSM after propensity score matching (PSM) in two analyses, (1) NLT versus LT and (2) RP versus RT, and were complemented with interaction, sensitivity, unmeasured confounder, and landmark analyses.
RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Of 13 692 mPCa patients, 474 received LT: 313 underwent RP and 161 RT. In MVA CRR, after PSM, LT (n=474) results in lower CSM (subhazard ratio [SHR] 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32-0.50) versus NLT (n=1896). In MVA CRR after PSM, RP (n=161) results in lower CSM (SHR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35-0.99) versus RT (n=161). Invariably, lowest CSM rates were recorded for Gleason ≤7, ≤cT3, and M1a substage. Interaction and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of results, and landmark analyses rejected the bias favouring LT. A strong unmeasured confounder (HR=5), affecting 30% of NLT patients, could obliterate LT benefit. Data were retrospective.
CONCLUSIONS: In mPCa, LT results in lower mortality relative to NLT. Within LT, lower mortality is recorded after RP than RT. Patients with most favourable grade, local stage, and metastatic substage derive most benefit from LT. They also derive most benefit from RP, when LT types are compared (RP vs RT). It is important to consider study limitations until ongoing clinical trials confirm the proposed benefits.
PATIENT SUMMARY: Individuals with prostate cancer that spreads outside of the prostate might still benefit from prostate-directed treatments, such as radiation or surgery, in addition to receiving androgen deprivation therapy.
Medical Subject Headings
Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brachytherapy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Staging; Propensity Score; Proportional Hazards Models; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; SEER Program; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; United States
PubMed ID
28385454
Volume
72
Issue
1
First Page
118
Last Page
124
