Recommended Citation
Verma AK, Schulte PJ, Bittner V, Keteyian SJ, Fleg JL, Pina IL, Swank AM, Fitz-Gerald M, Ellis SJ, Kraus WE, Whellan DJ, O'Connor CM, Mentz RJ. Socioeconomic and partner status in chronic heart failure: Relationship to exercise capacity, quality of life, and clinical outcomes. Am Heart J. Jan 2017;183:54-61.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-2017
Publication Title
American heart journal
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF) is commonly assessed based on clinical characteristics. The association between partner status and socioeconomic status (SES) and outcomes in chronic HF requires further study.
METHODS: We performed a post hoc analysis of HF-ACTION, which randomized 2,331 HF patients with ejection fraction ≤35% to usual care ± aerobic exercise training. We examined baseline quality of life and functional capacity and outcomes (all-cause mortality/hospitalization) by partner status and SES using adjusted Cox models and explored an interaction with exercise training. Outcomes were examined based on partner status, education level, annual income, and employment.
RESULTS: Having a partner, education beyond high school, an income >$25,000, and being employed were associated with better baseline functional capacity and quality of life. Over a median follow-up of 2.5 years, higher education, higher income, being employed, and having a partner were associated with lower all-cause mortality/hospitalization. After multivariable adjustment, lower mortality was seen associated with having a partner (hazard ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.81-1.03, P=.15) and more than a high school education (hazard ratio 0.91, CI 0.80-1.02, P=.12), although these associations were not statistically significant. There was no interaction between any of these variables and exercise training on outcomes (all P>.5).
CONCLUSIONS: Having a partner and higher SES were associated with greater functional capacity and quality of life at baseline but were not independent predictors of long-term clinical outcomes in patients with chronic HF. These findings provide information that may be considered as potential variables impacting outcomes.
Medical Subject Headings
Aged; Chronic Disease; Exercise Tolerance; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Socioeconomic Factors; Spouses
PubMed ID
27979042
Volume
183
First Page
54
Last Page
61
