Recommended Citation
Drawz PE, Rai NK, Lenoir KM, Suarez M, Powell JR, Raj DS, Beddhu S, Agarwal AK, Soman S, Whelton PK, Lash J, Rahbari-Oskoui FF, Dobre M, Parkulo MA, Rocco MV, McWilliams A, Dwyer JP, Thomas G, Rahman M, Oparil S, Horwitz E, Pajewski NM, and Ishani A. Effect of Intensive versus Standard BP Control on AKI and Subsequent Cardiovascular Outcomes and Mortality: Findings from the SPRINT EHR Study. Kidney360 2022; 3(7):1253-1262.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
7-28-2022
Publication Title
Kidney360
Abstract
Background: Adjudication of inpatient AKI in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) was based on billing codes and admission and discharge notes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intensive versus standard BP control on creatinine-based inpatient and outpatient AKI, and whether AKI was associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality.
Methods: We linked electronic health record (EHR) data from 47 clinic sites with trial data to enable creatinine-based adjudication of AKI. Cox regression was used to evaluate the effect of intensive BP control on the incidence of AKI, and the relationship between incident AKI and CVD and all-cause mortality.
Results: A total of 3644 participants had linked EHR data. A greater number of inpatient AKI events were identified using EHR data (187 on intensive versus 155 on standard treatment) as compared with serious adverse event (SAE) adjudication in the trial (95 on intensive versus 61 on standard treatment). Intensive treatment increased risk for SPRINT-adjudicated inpatient AKI (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.08) and for creatinine-based outpatient AKI (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.70), but not for creatinine-based inpatient AKI (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.48). Irrespective of the definition (SAE or creatinine based), AKI was associated with increased risk for all-cause mortality, but only creatinine-based inpatient AKI was associated with increased risk for CVD.
Conclusions: Creatinine-based ascertainment of AKI, enabled by EHR data, may be more sensitive and less biased than traditional SAE adjudication. Identifying ways to prevent AKI may reduce mortality further in the setting of intensive BP control.
Medical Subject Headings
Acute Kidney Injury; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Creatinine; Electronic Health Records; Humans; Hypertension; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed ID
35919535
Volume
3
Issue
7
First Page
1253
Last Page
1262
