Effects of Omalizumab on Rhinovirus Infections, Illnesses, and Exacerbations of Asthma
Recommended Citation
Esquivel A, Busse WW, Calatroni A, Togias AG, Grindle KG, Bochkov YA, Gruchalla RS, Kattan M, Kercsmar CM, Khurana Hershey G, Kim H, Lebeau P, Liu AH, Szefler SJ, Teach SJ, West JB, Wildfire J, Pongracic JA, and Gern JE. Effects of omalizumab on rhinovirus infections, illnesses and exacerbations of asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196(8):985-992.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
10-15-2017
Publication Title
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
Abstract
RATIONALE: Allergic inflammation has been linked to increased susceptibility to viral illnesses, but it is unclear whether this association is causal.
OBJECTIVES: To test whether omalizumab treatment to reduce IgE would shorten the frequency and duration of rhinovirus (RV) illnesses in children with allergic asthma.
METHODS: In the PROSE (Preventative Omalizumab or Step-up Therapy for Severe Fall Exacerbations) study, we examined children with allergic asthma (aged 6-17 yr; n = 478) from low-income census tracts in eight U.S. cities, and we analyzed virology for the groups randomized to treatment with guidelines-based asthma care (n = 89) or add-on omalizumab (n = 259). Weekly nasal mucus samples were analyzed for RVs, and respiratory symptoms and asthma exacerbations were recorded over a 90-day period during the fall seasons of 2012 or 2013. Adjusted illness rates (illnesses per sample) by treatment arm were calculated using Poisson regression.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: RVs were detected in 97 (57%) of 171 exacerbation samples and 2,150 (36%) of 5,959 nonexacerbation samples (OR, 2.32; P < 0.001). Exacerbations were significantly associated with detection of rhinovirus C (OR, 2.85; P < 0.001) and rhinovirus A (OR, 2.92; P < 0.001), as well as, to a lesser extent, rhinovirus B (OR, 1.98; P = 0.019). Omalizumab decreased the duration of RV infection (11.2 d vs. 12.4 d; P = 0.03) and reduced peak RV shedding by 0.4 log units (95% confidence interval, -0.77 to -0.02; P = 0.04). Finally, omalizumab decreased the frequency of RV illnesses (risk ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.84).
CONCLUSIONS: In children with allergic asthma, treatment with omalizumab decreased the duration of RV infections, viral shedding, and the risk of RV illnesses. These findings provide direct evidence that blocking IgE decreases susceptibility to RV infections and illness. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01430403).
Medical Subject Headings
Adolescent; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Omalizumab; Rhinovirus; United States; Virus Diseases
PubMed ID
28608756
Volume
196
Issue
8
First Page
985
Last Page
992
