Using Machine Learning to Define the Association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and All-Cause Mortality (from the Henry Ford Exercise Testing Project)

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

12-1-2017

Publication Title

The American journal of cardiology

Abstract

Previous studies have demonstrated that cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong marker of cardiovascular health. Machine learning (ML) can enhance the prediction of outcomes through classification techniques that classify the data into predetermined categories. The aim of the analysis is to compare the prediction of 10 years of all-cause mortality (ACM) using statistical logistic regression (LR) and ML approaches in a cohort of patients who underwent exercise stress testing. We included 34,212 patients (55% males, mean age 54 ± 13 years) free of coronary artery disease or heart failure who underwent exercise treadmill stress testing between 1991 and 2009 and had complete 10-year follow-up. The primary outcome of this analysis was ACM at 10 years. The probability of 10-years ACM was calculated using statistical LR and ML, and the accuracy of these methods was calculated and compared. A total of 3,921 patients died at 10 years. Using statistical LR, the sensitivity to predict ACM was 44.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 43.3% to 46.5%), whereas the specificity was 93.4% (95% CI 93.1% to 93.7%). The sensitivity of ML to predict ACM was 87.4% (95% CI 86.3% to 88.4%), whereas the specificity was 97.2% (95% CI 97.0% to 97.4%). The ML approach was associated with improved model discrimination (area under the curve for ML [0.923 (95% CI 0.917 to 0.928)]) compared with statistical LR (0.836 [95% CI 0.829 to 0.846], p

Medical Subject Headings

Algorithms; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Exercise Test; Exercise Tolerance; Female; Forecasting; Humans; Machine Learning; Male; Michigan; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment

PubMed ID

28951020

Volume

120

Issue

11

First Page

2078

Last Page

2084

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