Thoracic aortic calcium, cardiovascular disease events, and all-cause mortality in asymptomatic individuals with zero coronary calcium: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2-1-2017

Publication Title

Atherosclerosis

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: TAC is associated with incident CVD and all-cause mortality. Nevertheless, the independent 10-year prognostic value of TAC in individuals with CAC = 0 beyond traditional risk factors is not well established.

METHODS: 3415 MESA participants with baseline CAC = 0 were followed for CHD, CVD events and all-cause mortality. TAC was measured in the ascending and descending aorta in all participants and quantified using Agatston's score. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to study the associations between TAC and incident CHD, CVD events and all-cause mortality. Likelihood ratio tests were used to compare prediction models including traditional risk factors plus TAC versus risk factors alone.

RESULTS: 406 participants (11.9%) had TAC>0 at baseline. Over a median follow-up of 11.3 years, unadjusted event rates per 1000 person-years were higher in TAC>0 than in TAC = 0 participants: CHD 2.18 vs. 2.03; CVD 6.85 vs. 3.42; all-cause mortality 12.84 vs. 4.96. However, in multivariable Cox regression analyses adjusting for CVD risk factors, neither TAC>0, TAC>100 nor log(TAC+1) were independently associated with any of the study outcomes, nor improved their prediction compared to traditional risk factors alone (p value of likelihood ratio tests >0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: In a multi-ethnic, modern US population of asymptomatic individuals with CAC = 0 at baseline, the prevalence of TAC>0 was low, and TAC did not improve 10-year estimation of prognosis beyond traditional risk factors. In the presence of CAC = 0, measurement of TAC is unlikely to provide sufficient additional prognostic information to further improve risk assessment.

Medical Subject Headings

Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aorta, Thoracic; Aortic Diseases; Aortography; Asymptomatic Diseases; Cause of Death; Computed Tomography Angiography; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Disease; Female; Humans; Incidence; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Predictive Value of Tests; Prevalence; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Time Factors; United States; Vascular Calcification

PubMed ID

28033543

Volume

257

First Page

1

Last Page

8

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