Variables Measured During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing as Predictors of Mortality in Chronic Systolic Heart Failure
Recommended Citation
Keteyian SJ, Patel M, Kraus WE, Brawner CA, McConnell TR, Pina IL, Leifer ES, Fleg JL, Blackburn G, Fonarow GC, Chase PJ, Piner L, Vest M, O'Connor CM, Ehrman JK, Walsh MN, Ewald G, Bensimhon D, Russell SD. Variables measured during cardiopulmonary exercise testing as predictors of mortality in chronic systolic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. Feb 23 2016;67(7):780-789.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2-23-2016
Publication Title
Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Data from a cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test are used to determine prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). However, few published studies have simultaneously compared the relative prognostic strength of multiple CPX variables.
OBJECTIVES: The study sought to describe the strength of the association among variables measured during a CPX test and all-cause mortality in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), including the influence of sex and patient effort, as measured by respiratory exchange ratio (RER).
METHODS: Among patients (n = 2,100, 29% women) enrolled in the HF-ACTION (HF-A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of exercise traiNing) trial, 10 CPX test variables measured at baseline (e.g., peak oxygen uptake [Vo2], exercise duration, percent predicted peak Vo2 [%ppVo2], ventilatory efficiency) were examined.
RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 32 months, there were 357 deaths. All CPX variables, except RER, were related to all-cause mortality (all p < 0.0001). Both %ppVo2 and exercise duration were equally able to predict (Wald chi-square: ∼141) and discriminate (c-index: 0.69) mortality. Peak Vo2 (ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) was the strongest predictor of mortality among men (Wald chi-square: 129) and exercise duration among women (Wald chi-square: 41). Multivariable analyses showed that %ppVo2, exercise duration, and peak Vo2 (ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) were similarly able to predict and discriminate mortality. In men, a 10% 1-year mortality rate corresponded to a peak Vo2 of 10.9 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) versus 5.3 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) in women.
CONCLUSIONS: Peak Vo2, exercise duration, and % ppVo2 carried the strongest ability to predict and discriminate the likelihood of death in patients with HFrEF. The prognosis associated with a given peak Vo2 differed by sex. (Exercise Training Program to Improve Clinical Outcomes in Individuals With Congestive Heart Failure; NCT00047437).
Medical Subject Headings
Adult; Aged; Cause of Death; Disease Progression; Exercise Test; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Failure, Systolic; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxygen Consumption; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Stroke Volume; Survival Rate; Time Factors; United States
PubMed ID
26892413
Volume
67
Issue
7
First Page
780
Last Page
789
