Radial PCI and the obesity paradox: Insights from Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Cardiovascular Consortium (BMC2)

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2-1-2016

Publication Title

Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine if transradial approach (TRA) negates the increased risk associated with femoral access in lean and morbidly obese patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

BACKGROUND: Patients at extremes of body mass are at increased risk of bleeding after PCI. TRA has been associated with lower overall rates of bleeding compared to femoral approach.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied patients undergoing emergent and elective PCI from 2010 to 2012 across 47 hospitals in Michigan who participate in the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Cardiovascular Consortium PCI registry. The primary outcomes were the incidences of bleeding and postprocedure transfusion. Propensity matching (PM) was used to adjust for nonrandomized use of TRA. TRA was used in 10,235 procedures. In PM analyses, use of TRA was associated with a reduction in bleeding (0.80 vs. 1.9%, odds ratio [OR] = 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32-0.54, P < 0.001) and need for transfusion (1.4 vs. 2.5%, OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.45-0.69, P < 0.001) compared with femoral access. The absolute difference in bleeding and transfusion associated with TRA was largest in patients with lean body mass (BMI < 25 kg/m(2)) and morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m(2)): Lean patients undergoing TRA had a rate of bleeding of 1.2 versus 2.8% for femoral access (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.24-0.77, P = 0.002); and rate of transfusion of 2.4 versus 3.9% (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.40-0.94, P = 0.019). The morbidly obese had a rate of bleeding of 0.8% for TRA versus 2.4% for femoral access (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.44-0.72, P = 0.004); and rate of transfusion of 1.7 versus 3.0%, (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.30-1.0, P = 0.051).

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the femoral approach, TRA is associated with a reduction in bleeding across all patients undergoing PCI and the absolute benefit was greatest in those with extremely low or high BMI.

Medical Subject Headings

Aged; Blood Transfusion; Blue Cross Blue Shield Insurance Plans; Catheterization, Peripheral; Comorbidity; Coronary Artery Disease; Female; Femoral Artery; Hemorrhage; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Michigan; Middle Aged; Obesity, Morbid; Odds Ratio; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Prevalence; Propensity Score; Protective Factors; Radial Artery; Registries; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Thinness; Treatment Outcome

PubMed ID

26010906

Volume

87

Issue

2

First Page

211

Last Page

219

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