Fitness and prostate cancer screening, incidence, and mortality: Results from the Henry Ford Exercise Testing (FIT) Project

Authors

Cara Reiter-Brennan
Omar Dzaye
Mouaz H. Al-Mallah
Zeina Dardari
Clinton A. Brawner, Henry Ford HealthFollow
Lois E. Lamerato, Henry Ford HealthFollow
Steven J. Keteyian, Henry Ford HealthFollow
Jonathan K. Ehrman, Henry Ford HealthFollow
Michael J. Blaha
Kala Visvanathan
Catherine H. Marshall

Recommended Citation

Reiter-Brennan C, Dzaye O, Al-Mallah MH, Dardari Z, Brawner CA, Lamerato LE, Keteyian SJ, Ehrman JK, Blaha MJ, Visvanathan K, and Marshall CH. Fitness and prostate cancer screening, incidence, and mortality: Results from the Henry Ford Exercise Testing (FIT) Project. Cancer 2021.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2-9-2021

Publication Title

Cancer

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The relation between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and prostate cancer is not well established. The objective of this study was to determine whether CRF is associated with prostate cancer screening, incidence, or mortality.

METHODS: The Henry Ford Exercise Testing Project is a retrospective cohort study of men aged 40 to 70 years without cancer who underwent physician-referred exercise stress testing from 1995 to 2009. CRF was quantified in metabolic equivalents of task (METs) (<6 >[reference], 6-9, 10-11, and ≥12 METs), estimated from the peak workload achieved during a symptom-limited, maximal exercise stress test. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, incident prostate cancer, and all-cause mortality were analyzed with multivariable adjusted Poisson regression and Cox proportional hazard models.

RESULTS: In total, 22,827 men were included, of whom 739 developed prostate cancer, with a median follow-up of 7.5 years. Men who had high fitness (≥12 METs) had an 28% higher risk of PSA screening (95% CI, 1.2-1.3) compared with those who had low fitness (screening, fitness was associated with higher prostate cancer incidence (men aged <55 >years, P = .02; men aged >55 years, P ≤ .01), but not with advanced prostate cancer. Among the men who were diagnosed with prostate cancer, high fitness was associated with a 60% lower risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI, 0.2-0.9).

CONCLUSIONS: Although men with high fitness are more likely to undergo PSA screening, this does not fully account for the increased incidence of prostate cancer seen among these individuals. However, men with high fitness have a lower risk of death after a prostate cancer diagnosis, suggesting that the cancers identified may be low-risk with little impact on long-term outcomes.

PubMed ID

33561293

ePublication

ePub ahead of print