A Review of Therapies for Hyperpigmentation Modulating the Synthesis of Eumelanin to Pheomelanin

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

10-9-2024

Publication Title

Archives of dermatological research

Abstract

There are significant psychosocial burdens in patients with hyperpigmentation, which emphasizes the importance of treatment. Current gold standard for treatment is hydroquinone; however, alternatives have been developed given the concern for side effects of hydroquinone. Melanogenesis is responsible for the production of eumelanin and pheomelanin; there are many factors that will determine whether eumelanin or pheomelanin will be produced. Eumelanin is known for its photoprotective qualities, while pheomelanin is implicated in photocarcinogenesis and photoaging. Multiple treatment modalities for hyperpigmentation that shift eumelanin to pheomelanin synthesis exist. Cysteamine, glutathione, kojic acid, and methyl sulfonyl methane are four agents used to treat hyperpigmentation by shifting the production of eumelanin to pheomelanin. It is critical to discuss photoprotection with patients to help reduce the potential impact of increased pheomelanin production and to expand research in this area.

Medical Subject Headings

Humans; Melanins; Hyperpigmentation; Pyrones; Glutathione; Hydroquinones

PubMed ID

39382722

Volume

316

Issue

9

First Page

668

Last Page

668

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