The Effect of COVID-19 on Mood Disorders in Urban and Suburban Detroit
Recommended Citation
Yaphe S, Sundaresan L, Freedman JD, Weinberg SJ, Vaughn IA, Lamerato LE, and Budzynska K. The Effect of COVID-19 on Mood Disorders in Urban and Suburban Detroit. AJPM Focus 2024; 3(4):100246.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
8-1-2024
Publication Title
AJPM Focus
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the global experience of anxiety and depression owing to social isolation and government-mandated quarantine for transmission reduction. To date, literature surrounding the mental health effects of COVID-19 for the U.S. population is limited.
METHODS: This is a retrospective study from a large metropolitan Detroit health system. Patient encounters between December 23, 2018 and June 22, 2021, with March 23, 2020 being the start of Michigan state-wide lockdown, were used to define pre- and post-COVID-19 encounters, respectively. The data were divided into Detroit and non-Detroit on the basis of patient ZIP code. All patients aged ≥13 years with a visit with a family medicine provider were included. Outcome variables included Patient Health Questionnaires-2 and -9 and General Anxiety Disorder-7 scores; diagnoses of depression, anxiety, adjustment, and grief disorders; antidepressant prescriptions; and behavioral health referrals. Logistic regression was used to determine the incidence of composite mood disorder, depression, and anxiety.
RESULTS: This is a retrospective study from a large metropolitan Detroit health system. Patient encounters between December 23, 2018 and June 22, 2021, with March 23, 2020 being the start of Michigan state-wide lockdown, were used to define pre- and post-COVID-19 encounters, respectively. The data were divided into Detroit and non-Detroit on the basis of patient ZIP code. All patients aged ≥13 years with a visit with a family medicine provider were included. Outcome variables included Patient Health Questionnaires-2 and -9 and General Anxiety Disorder-7 scores; diagnoses of depression, anxiety, adjustment, and grief disorders; antidepressant prescriptions; and behavioral health referrals. Logistic regression was used to determine the incidence of composite mood disorder, depression, and anxiety.
CONCLUSIONS: This research demonstrates that residing in an urban setting did not increase the risk of developing a mental health disorder during the COVID-19 period.
PubMed ID
39034935
Volume
3
Issue
4
First Page
100246
Last Page
100246
