Risk factors and outcomes associated with recurrent autoimmune hepatitis following liver transplantation
Recommended Citation
Montano-Loza AJ, Ronca V, Ebadi M, Hansen BE, Hirschfield G, Elwir S, Alsaed M, Milkiewicz P, Janik MK, Marschall HU, Burza MA, Efe C, Calışkan AR, Harputluoglu M, Kabaçam G, Terrabuio D, de Quadros Onofrio F, Selzner N, Bonder A, Parés A, Llovet L, Akyıldız M, Arikan C, Manns MP, Taubert R, Weber AL, Schiano TD, Haydel B, Czubkowski P, Socha P, Ołdak N, Akamatsu N, Tanaka A, Levy C, Martin EF, Goel A, Sedki M, Jankowska I, Ikegami T, Rodriguez M, Sterneck M, Weiler-Normann C, Schramm C, Donato MF, Lohse A, Andrade RJ, Patwardhan VR, van Hoek B, Biewenga M, Kremer AE, Ueda Y, Deneau M, Pedersen M, Mayo MJ, Floreani A, Burra P, Secchi MF, Beretta-Piccoli BT, Sciveres M, Maggiore G, Jafri SM, Debray D, Girard M, Lacaille F, Lytvyak E, Mason AL, Heneghan M, and Oo YH. Risk factors and outcomes associated with recurrent autoimmune hepatitis following liver transplantation. J Hepatol 2022.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2-7-2022
Publication Title
Journal of hepatology
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The impact of recurrent autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) post-liver transplant on patient and graft survival is not well characterised. We evaluated a large, international multi-center cohort to identify the probability and risk factors associated with recurrent AIH and the association between recurrent disease and patient and graft survival.
METHODS: We included 736 patients (77% female, mean age, 42±1 years) with AIH who underwent LT from January 1987 through June 2020, among 33 centers in North America, South America, Europe and Asia. Clinical data before and after LT, biochemical data within the first 12 months after LT, and immunosuppression after LT were analyzed to identify patients with higher risk of recurrence of AIH based on histological diagnosis.
RESULTS: AIH recurred in 20% of patients after 5 years and 31% after 10 years. Age at LT ≤42 years (HR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.22-8.16; p=0.02), use of mycophenolate mofetil post-LT (HR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.39-6.73; p=0.005), donor and recipient sex mismatch (HR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.39-4.76; p=0.003) and high IgG pre-LT (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06; p=0.004) were associated with higher risk of AIH recurrence after adjusting for other confounders. In multivariate Cox regression with time-dependent covariate, recurrent AIH significantly associated with graft loss (HR, 10.79, 95% CI 5.37-21.66, p<0.001) and death (HR, 2.53, 95% CI 1.48-4.33, p=0.001).
CONCLUSION: Recurrence of AIH following transplant is frequent and is associated with younger age at LT, use of mycophenolate mofetil post-LT, sex mismatch and high IgG pre-LT. We demonstrate an association between disease recurrence and impaired graft and overall survival in patients with AIH, highlighting ongoing efforts to better characterize, prevent and treat recurrent AIH.
LAY ABSTRACT: Recurrent autoimmune hepatitis following liver transplant is frequent and is associated with some recipient features and the type of antirejection medications. Recurrent autoimmune hepatitis negatively affects the outcome after liver transplant.
PubMed ID
35143897
ePublication
ePub ahead of print
