White Blood Counts of Hospitalized Patients Without Infection, Malignancy, or Immune Dysfunction

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

5-1-2025

Publication Title

Southern medical journal

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: An elevated white blood cell (WBC) count may indicate malignancy, infection, and immune dysfunction. In diagnosing these conditions, physicians generally evaluate laboratory results compared with reference ranges based on healthy populations. Reference ranges for hospitalized patients are lacking. This study aims to define a normal reference range for WBC count in hospitalized patients without malignancy, infection, or immune dysfunction.

METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of nonsurgical patients hospitalized from 2017 to 2018 in the Cleveland Clinic Health System without malignancy, infection, or immunological dysfunction. WBC count, absolute neutrophil count, and absolute lymphocyte count were collected. We calculated means, standard deviations, and the reference range for each variable.

RESULTS: A total of 46,419 patients had WBC counts. Mean WBC count was 8.0 (standard deviation 3.31, reference range 1.6-14.5). In a multivariable linear regression, mean WBC count decreased with age, Black race relative to White race, and congestive heart failure. Body mass index, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and steroid use were associated with higher WBC count. In total, 13.5% of patients in this cohort had WBC counts above the "normal" threshold of 11.

CONCLUSIONS: Among hospitalized patients without infection, malignancy, or immune dysfunction, the normal range for WBC count was 1.6 to 14.5 × 10(9) WBCs/L. Age, race, body mass index, steroid use, and several comorbidities were associated with WBC count variation from the reference levels established based on healthy populations. Physicians should be cautious when interpreting WBC counts between 11 and 14.5 × 10(9) WBCs/L, which appear to represent normal values in the hospital.

Medical Subject Headings

Humans; Leukocyte Count; Male; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Retrospective Studies; Middle Aged; Aged; Reference Values; Hospitalization; Adult; Neoplasms; Aged, 80 and over

PubMed ID

40316273

Volume

118

Issue

5

First Page

287

Last Page

292

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