Comparing DOAC and warfarin outcomes in an obese population using the 'real-world' Michigan Anticoagulation Quality Improvement Initiative (MAQI(2)) registry

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

10-1-2024

Publication Title

Vascular medicine (London, England)

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have overtaken warfarin in the treatment of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Limited data explore the safety of DOACs in obesity.

METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study between June 2015 and September 2019 uses the Michigan Anticoagulation Quality Improvement Initiative (MAQI(2)) registry to compare DOACs and warfarin across weight classes (not obese: body mass index (BMI) ⩾ 18.5 and < 30; obese: BMI ⩾ 30 and < 40; severely obese: BMI ⩾ 40). Primary outcomes include major, clinically relevant nonmajor (CRNM), and minor bleeding events per 100 patient-years. Secondary outcomes include stroke, recurrent VTE, and all-cause mortality.

RESULTS: DOACs were prescribed to 49% of the 4089 patients with AF and 46% of the 3162 patients with VTE. Compared to patients treated with warfarin, those treated with DOACs had a higher estimated glomerular filtration rate across BMI categories regardless of indication. In the AF population, severely obese patients treated with DOACs had more major (3.4 vs 1.8, p = 0.004), CRNM (8.6 vs 5.9, p = 0.019), and minor bleeding (11.4 vs 9.9, p = 0.001). There was no difference in stroke or all-cause mortality. In the VTE population, both CRNM (7.5 vs 6.7, p = 0.042) and minor bleeding (19.3 vs 10.5, p < 0.001) events occurred at higher rates in patients treated with DOACs. There was no difference in recurrent pulmonary embolism, stroke, or all-cause mortality.

CONCLUSION: There is a higher rate of bleeding in severely obese patients with VTE and AF treated with DOACs compared to warfarin, without a difference in secondary outcomes. Further studies to compare the anticoagulant classes and understand bleeding drivers in this population are needed.

Medical Subject Headings

Humans; Registries; Male; Female; Retrospective Studies; Warfarin; Aged; Hemorrhage; Michigan; Treatment Outcome; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Middle Aged; Obesity; Stroke; Venous Thromboembolism; Atrial Fibrillation; Risk Factors; Administration, Oral; Anticoagulants; Time Factors; Aged, 80 and over; Risk Assessment; Body Mass Index; Recurrence; Quality Improvement

PubMed ID

39177515

ePublication

ePub ahead of print

Volume

29

Issue

5

First Page

543

Last Page

552

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