Multicompartment Quantitative Proteomics Revealing Potential Mechanisms Underlying the Treatment Effects of Mesenchymal-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in a Monkey Model of Cortical Injury

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

11-7-2025

Publication Title

Journal of proteome research

Keywords

Animals, Extracellular Vesicles, Proteomics, Macaca mulatta, Female, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Disease Models, Animal, Brain Injuries, Proteome, Motor Cortex

Abstract

Previous studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) enhance functional recovery after cortical injury in rhesus monkeys by reducing chronic microglial inflammation, neuronal damage, and myelination deficits. However, the signaling pathways underlying these therapeutic effects remain largely unexplored. In this study, employing a reliable quantitative proteomics platform UHR-IonStar, we identified the protein cargo of MSC-EVs infused intravenously to rhesus monkeys 24 h and 2 weeks post-injury to the motor cortex. We then analyzed global protein expression changes across cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma, and brain tissue of MSC-EV-treated versus vehicle-treated female, aged rhesus monkeys. A total of 1241/431/4124 monkey proteins were reliably quantified in CSF/plasma/tissue samples, respectively. Longitudinal analysis of CSF and plasma samples highlighted a shift from MSC-EV modulation of inflammatory and metabolic proteins in plasma at early recovery (2 weeks), toward modulation of plasticity-related proteins in CSF and brain tissue at later stages (4 weeks). Further protein-protein interaction analysis identified potential MSC-EV targets related to complementary signaling, proteolysis, and aminoglycan stability, which aligned with our previous findings. This comprehensive, multicompartment monkey proteomics study advances understanding of MSC-EV contents and treatment effects, paving the way for novel treatment of cortical injury.

Medical Subject Headings

Animals; Extracellular Vesicles; Proteomics; Macaca mulatta; Female; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Disease Models, Animal; Brain Injuries; Proteome; Motor Cortex

PubMed ID

41032466

ePublication

ePub ahead of print

Volume

24

Issue

11

First Page

5664

Last Page

5682

Share

COinS