Technical and Clinical Overview: Spinal Cord Stimulation
Recommended Citation
Falowski S, Ali R, Sweet J, Mackel C, Kesarwani R, Arle J, Larkin MB, Pinckard-Dover HN, Stone L, Nerison C, Ben Haim S, Rosenow J, Viswanathan A, Petersen E, Lad N, Schwalb J, and Raslan A. Technical and Clinical Overview: Spinal Cord Stimulation. Neuromodulation 2025.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
9-25-2025
Publication Title
Neuromodulation
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has evolved from simple systems with limited waveforms and electrode configurations to modern, complex systems developed to exert specific effects on the central nervous system. The growth in this space has focused on improving therapy delivery, enhancing tolerance, increasing longevity, and expanding indications.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Members of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons/Congress of Neurological Surgeons Pain Section evaluate current technologies on the market to define the state of implants and devices. The study also discusses each manufacturer's scientific evidence and waveforms, in addition to reviewing their current publications and support data.
RESULTS: The SCS devices of all Food and Drug Administration-approved companies are reviewed, including Medtronic, Abbott, Boston Scientific, Saluda, Biotronik, and Nevro.
CONCLUSION: Technology and innovation are evolving rapidly in the field of spinal neuromodulation space. Clinical trials providing level 1 evidence have followed suit and indicated the superiority of this therapy to medical management in treating patients with different painful conditions.
PubMed ID
41003458
ePublication
ePub ahead of print
