Association Between Cadmium and Androgen Receptor Protein Expression Differs in Prostate Tumors of African American and European American Men
Recommended Citation
Neslund-Dudas CM, McBride RB, Kandegedara A, Rybicki BA, Kryvenko ON, Chitale D, Gupta N, Williamson SR, Rogers CG, Cordon-Cardo C, Rundle AG, Levin AM, Dou QP, and Mitra B. Association between cadmium and androgen receptor protein expression differs in prostate tumors of African American and European American men. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 48:233-238.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
7-1-2018
Publication Title
J Trace Elem Med Biol
Abstract
Cadmium is a known carcinogen that has been implicated in prostate cancer, but how it affects prostate carcinogenesis in humans remains unclear. Evidence from basic science suggests that cadmium can bind to the androgen receptor causing endocrine disruption. The androgen receptor is required for normal prostate development and is the key driver of prostate cancer progression. In this study, we examined the association between cadmium content and androgen receptor protein expression in prostate cancer tissue of African American (N = 22) and European American (N = 30) men. Although neither overall tumor cadmium content (log transformed) nor androgen receptor protein expression level differed by race, we observed a race-cadmium interaction with regard to androgen receptor expression (P = 0.003) even after accounting for age at prostatectomy, smoking history, and Gleason score. African American men had a significant positive correlation between tumor tissue cadmium content and androgen receptor expression (Pearson correlation = 0.52, P = 0.013), while European Americans showed a non-significant negative correlation between the two (Pearson correlation = -0.19, P = 0.31). These results were unchanged after further accounting for tissue zinc content or dietary zinc or selenium intake. African American cases with high-cadmium content (>median) in tumor tissue had more than double the androgen receptor expression (0.021 vs. 0.008, P = 0.014) of African American men with low-cadmium level. No difference in androgen receptor expression was observed in European Americans by cadmium level (high 0.015 vs. low 0.011, P = 0.30). Larger studies are needed to confirm these results and if upheld, determine the biologic mechanism by which cadmium increases androgen receptor protein expression in a race-dependent manner. Our results suggest that cadmium may play a role in race disparities observed in prostate cancer.
Medical Subject Headings
African Americans; Cadmium; European Continental Ancestry Group; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prostatic Neoplasms; Receptors, Androgen; United States
PubMed ID
29773186
Volume
48
First Page
233
Last Page
238
