Histology of amiodarone-induced liver injury revisited: A retrospective morphologic analysis

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

6-1-2026

Publication Title

Annals of diagnostic pathology

Keywords

Humans, Amiodarone, Retrospective Studies, Male, Female, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Middle Aged, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, Liver, Adult, Biopsy, Hepatocytes, Fatty Liver, Cholestasis

Abstract

Amiodarone-induced liver injury (AILI) is a known risk of amiodarone therapy, with presentations ranging from asymptomatic aminotransferase elevations to severe or fatal hepatitis and cirrhosis. Due to limited understanding of its histopathologic features, we conducted a retrospective cross-sectional re-analysis of liver biopsy samples from patients on amiodarone from two centers. Of the 48 liver biopsy samples, 42 (87%) exhibited histologic evidence of AILI. All patients showed minimal or mild macrovesicular steatosis. Ballooned hepatocytes were observed in 36 cases (86%), with 25 (69%) displaying a periportal distribution, 8 (22%) centrilobular, and 3 (8%) panacinar in distribution. Mallory-Denk bodies were found in 36 samples (76%)-18 (50%) were numerous and 18 (50%) multiple. Cholestasis was present in 10 patients, 7 (70%) of whom died. In contrast, 10 (31%) of the 32 patients without cholestasis died. This represents a significantly increased mortality risk for patients with AILI and cholestasis (p = 0.03). While AILI shares features with the more generally known metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, our findings indicate that a prominence of periportal distribution of ballooned hepatocytes and Mallory-Denk bodies despite a minimum of macrovesicular steatosis are characteristic of AILI. Furthermore, cholestasis in biopsy samples may suggest a poorer prognosis in patients on amiodarone.

Medical Subject Headings

Humans; Amiodarone; Retrospective Studies; Male; Female; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Middle Aged; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Liver; Adult; Biopsy; Hepatocytes; Fatty Liver; Cholestasis

PubMed ID

41671912

Volume

82

First Page

152623

Last Page

152623

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