Multi-Institutional Comparison of SC-TNT and LC-TNT for Rectal Cancer Non-Operative Management

Authors

M Moskalenko
H Kim
R I. Chin
A Roy
S N. Badiyan
P Bauer
K Fakhoury
L E. Henke
W Herter
C Lieu
A M. Moyer
M Mutch
Parag J. Parikh, Henry Ford HealthFollow
K Pedersen
T Schefter
M Silviera
G Srivastava
J D. Vogel
B Chapman
J R. Olsen

Recommended Citation

Moskalenko M, Kim H, Chin RI, Roy A, Badiyan SN, Bauer P, Fakhoury K, Henke LE, Herter W, Lieu C, Moyer AM, Mutch M, Parikh PJ, Pedersen K, Schefter T, Silviera M, Srivastava G, Vogel JD, Chapman B, and Olsen JR. Multi-Institutional Comparison of SC-TNT and LC-TNT for Rectal Cancer Non-Operative Management. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 111(3):S104.

Document Type

Conference Proceeding

Publication Date

11-1-2021

Publication Title

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys

Abstract

Purpose/Objective(s): Recent data support the use of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) for treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), although the optimal TNT regimen and therapy sequence is unclear for non-operative management (NOM). We performed a multi-institutional comparison of short-course radiation (SCRT) followed by consolidation chemotherapy (SC-TNT) versus long-course chemoradiation (CRT) preceded by induction chemotherapy (LC-TNT), after adoption of NOM at both institutions.

Materials/Methods: The records of 187 patients with cT2-4N0-2 rectal cancer treated between 2016-2020 with TNT at two academic institutions were reviewed under an IRB-approved protocol. The SC-TNT cohort (institution 1) included 85 patients treated with SCRT (25-30 Gy in 5 fx) followed by FOLFOX/CAPOX (n = 82) or capecitabine (n = 3). The LC-TNT cohort (institution 2) included 102 patients treated with FOLFOX/CAPOX followed by CRT (45-56 Gy at 1.8-2 Gy/fx) with concurrent fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. Patients with a clinical complete response (cCR) were offered NOM. The rates of cCR were compared between SC- and LC-TNT. Disease-free survival (DFS) was compared using the log-rank test. To account for any differences in NOM selection between institutions, local-only tumor regrowth was censored from DFS if salvaged with R0 resection, and the overall complete response (CR) rate, defined as cCR + pCR rate for patients undergoing surgery, was assessed. Multivariate analysis (MVA) was performed with logistic and Cox regression to determine factors associated with CR and DFS, respectively.

Results: The median age at diagnosis was 60 and 54 years for SC-TNT and LC-TNT cohorts, respectively (P = 0.002). All other characteristics including performance status, tumor location, and clinical stage were balanced. The median duration of neoadjuvant FOLFOX/CAPOX chemotherapy was 105 vs 98 days for the SC-TNT and LC-TNT cohorts, respectively (P = 0.001). The median follow-up was 27 months. The cCR rate was higher in the SC-TNT cohort (44/85, 52.8% vs 21/102, 20.6%, P < 0.001), with a trend for improved CR rate for SC-TNT (54.1% vs 40.2%, P = 0.057). On MVA, use of SC-TNT was associated with improved CR (HR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.13-4.45, P = 0.021). Among patients undergoing NOM, 33/39 patients (84.6%) in the SC-TNT group and 10/17 patients (58.8%) in the LC-TNT group (P = 0.27) were free from local recurrence at 1 year. Two-year DFS was 93.4% and 95.4% for the SC-TNT and LC-TNT cohorts with improved DFS on log-rank test for LC-TNT (P = 0.023), but no DFS difference on MVA between SC-TNT and LC-TNT (HR = 2.29, 95% CI: 0.8-6.51, P = 0.121).

Conclusion: SC-TNT demonstrated a greater rate of cCR compared to LC-TNT, without DFS difference on MVA. Although future studies are warranted to compare SC-TNT with a CRT and consolidative chemotherapy TNT approach, our data support SC-TNT as a suitable regimen for LARC NOM.

Volume

111

Issue

3

First Page

S104