Utilizing a Deep Learning-Based Object Detection and Instance Segmentation Algorithm for the Delineation of Prostate and Prostate Cancer Segmentation

Document Type

Conference Proceeding

Publication Date

8-2019

Publication Title

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys

Abstract

Purpose/Objective(s): Mask-RCNN is a deep structural learning algorithm that has been investigated in other industries for structure mapping and recognition. We attempted to use this platform for normal prostate segmentation and dominant intraprostatic lesion (DIL) segmentation and localization on multi-parametric MRI (Mp-MRI). This can potentially aid in diagnosis and therapeutic planning, as precise localization of the site of disease can guide targeted surgical resection or radiation boost volumes. Materials/Methods: A total of 78 patients with biopsy proven prostate adenocarcinoma and MRI imaging were reviewed. Of these, 54 patients were used as a training set. The remaining 24 patients were selected for normal prostate segmentation. This cohort was then evenly divided into validation and testing sets. For the DIL localization and segmentation review, 57 patients were used as a training set. Of the remaining 21 patients, 11 were included in the validation set and 10 were used for the testing set. Mp-MRI images, including T2-weighted (T2W) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images were adopted for our experiment. T2W images alone were used in the normal prostate segmentation task and co-registered ADC maps to T2W images with the prostate patch cropped out were used in the DIL detection and segmentation task. All images were normalized, the histogram was equalized, and images were resized and padded slice by slice to a fixed size of 384 × 384 pixels prior to the training, validation and testing phase. The normal prostate and DILs were contoured by a radiation oncologist from our institution. The DIL was separately contoured for 20 patients by a second radiation oncologist to assess for interobserver variability. Results: Sensitivity and specificity for prostate segmentation were evaluated for all slices of patient imaging and was calculated to be 0.94 and 0.92, respectively. The dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was 0.87±0.04. The 95% hausdorff distance was 6.12±2.39 mm. To evaluate the performance of Mask-RCNN, we used 2D and 3D Unet benchmarks, which had the DSC of 0.85±0.03 and 0.83±0.07, respectively. For the DIL segmentation, our overall detection rate was 81%, and for those detected lesions, the DSC was 0.64±0.14. The DSC of the contours between two clinicians was 0.67±0.21. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the Mask-RCNN model can produce high quality segmentation results for prostate recognition on standard MRI images and can potentially aid in detecting and segmenting prostate cancer on Mp-MRI images. There was also similar interobserver variability on the DIL segmentation using Mask-RCNN. These results can potentially influence therapeutic options, such as targeted resection or intraprostatic boost volumes.

Volume

105

Issue

1

First Page

S197

Last Page

S198

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