Trait- and pre-sleep-state-dependent arousal in insomnia disorders: what role may sleep reactivity and sleep-related metacognitions play? A pilot study

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

9-1-2016

Publication Title

Sleep medicine

Keywords

Adult, Arousal, Causality, Cognition, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Metacognition, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Stress, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Research into the cause of chronic insomnia has identified hyperarousal as a key factor, which is likely to have both trait and state components. Sleep-related cognition, metacognition, and sleep reactivity also play an important role in insomnia. Our aim was to investigate how these insomnia-related constructs are associated with trait predisposition and pre-sleep arousal in subjects with an insomnia disorder.

METHODS: Fifty-three individuals with insomnia disorder (according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) (F = 33; 52 + 10)) and 30 healthy controls (F = 18; 51.8 + 12 years) were evaluated with a set of questionnaires, including the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST), Metacognition Questionnaire - Insomnia (MCQI), Arousal Predisposition Scale (APS), and Pre-sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS). Statistical analyses included multiple regression to elucidate the independent determinants of APS and PSAS.

RESULTS: Participants with insomnia presented higher FIRST, MCQI, APS, PSAS scores (p-values

Medical Subject Headings

Adult; Arousal; Causality; Cognition; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Metacognition; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Severity of Illness Index; Sleep; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Stress; Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires

PubMed ID

27823715

Volume

25

First Page

42

Last Page

48

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