Recommended Citation
Goswami MT, Chen G, Chakravarthi BV, Pathi SS, Anand SK, Carskadon SL, Giordano TJ, Chinnaiyan AM, Thomas DG, Palanisamy N, Beer DG, and Varambally S. Role and regulation of coordinately expressed de novo purine biosynthetic enzymes PPAT and PAICS in lung cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6(27):23445-23461.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
9-15-2015
Publication Title
Oncotarget
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit altered metabolism including aerobic glycolysis that channels several glycolytic intermediates into de novo purine biosynthetic pathway. We discovered increased expression of phosphoribosyl amidotransferase (PPAT) and phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase (PAICS) enzymes of de novo purine biosynthetic pathway in lung adenocarcinomas. Transcript analyses from next-generation RNA sequencing and gene expression profiling studies suggested that PPAT and PAICS can serve as prognostic biomarkers for aggressive lung adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis of PAICS performed on tissue microarrays showed increased expression with disease progression and was significantly associated with poor prognosis. Through gene knockdown and over-expression studies we demonstrate that altering PPAT and PAICS expression modulates pyruvate kinase activity, cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore we identified genomic amplification and aneuploidy of the divergently transcribed PPAT-PAICS genomic region in a subset of lung cancers. We also present evidence for regulation of both PPAT and PAICS and pyruvate kinase activity by L-glutamine, a co-substrate for PPAT. A glutamine antagonist, 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) blocked glutamine mediated induction of PPAT and PAICS as well as reduced pyruvate kinase activity. In summary, this study reveals the regulatory mechanisms by which purine biosynthetic pathway enzymes PPAT and PAICS, and pyruvate kinase activity is increased and exposes an existing metabolic vulnerability in lung cancer cells that can be explored for pharmacological intervention.
Medical Subject Headings
Adenocarcinoma; Aged; Amidophosphoribosyltransferase; Aneuploidy; Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carboxy-Lyases; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Chickens; Diazooxonorleucine; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glutamine; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mice; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Transplantation; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Peptide Synthases; Prognosis; Purines
PubMed ID
26140362
Volume
6
Issue
27
First Page
23445
Last Page
23461
