Update of the International Consultation on Urological Diseases on bladder cancer 2018: non-urothelial cancers of the urinary bladder.
Recommended Citation
Alanee S, Alvarado-Cabrero I, Murugan P, Kumar R, Nepple KG, Paner GP, Patel MI, Raspollini MR, Lopez-Beltran A, and Konety BR. Update of the international consultation on urological diseases on bladder cancer 2018: Non-urothelial cancers of the urinary bladder. World J Urol 2018; 37(1):107-114.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-2019
Publication Title
World journal of urology
Abstract
PURPOSE: To provide a comprehensive update of the joint consultation of the International Consultation on Urological Diseases (ICUD) for the diagnosis and management of non-urothelial cancer of the urinary bladder.
METHODS: A detailed analysis of the literature was conducted reporting on the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of non-urothelial cancer of the urinary bladder. An international, multidisciplinary expert committee evaluated and graded the evidence according to the Oxford System of Evidence-based Medicine modified by the ICUD.
RESULTS: The major non-urothelial cancers of the urinary bladder are squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and neuroendocrine tumors. Several other non-urothelial tumors are rare but important to identify because of their aggressive behavior when compared to urothelial bladder tumors. Radical cystectomy and urinary diversion, preceded by neoadjuvant radiation or chemotherapy in some of these tumors, is the main method or treatment for resectable disease. Adjuvant therapy is not usually successful and no novel targeted or immunotherapeutic agents have been identified to provide benefit. Patients with small cell neuroendocrine tumors of the bladder should be offered chemotherapy before surgery. Because non-urothelial cancers are usually locally advanced and/or metastatic at the time of diagnosis, 5-year survival is generally poor.
CONCLUSIONS: Non-urothelial cancers of the urinary bladder are rare and mostly lack established protocols for treatment. The prognosis of most of these tumors is poor because they are usually advanced at the time of diagnosis. A multimodal treatment approach should be considered to improve outcomes.
Medical Subject Headings
Adenocarcinoma; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Cystectomy; Humans; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Prognosis; Radiotherapy; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urinary Diversion
PubMed ID
30069580
Volume
37
Issue
1
First Page
107
Last Page
114
