Functional Integration of Different-Sex Gonad Transplants Into the Adult Mouse Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-1-2026

Publication Title

Adv Biol (Weinh)

Keywords

Animals, Female, Male, Mice, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Gonads, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis

Abstract

Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) relies on exogenous hormones to produce hormonal milieus that achieve and/or maintain embodiment goals. Another potential route to these endpoints is transplantation of novel steroidogenic tissue. To develop a pre-clinical model, we asked whether different-sex gonad transplants can be functionally integrated into the adult mouse hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Adult male and female mice are gonadectomized and implanted with gonads from genetically matched but different-sex pups. Controls received gonads from same-sex pups. Temporal changes to gonadotropin and steroid hormone levels reveal the decoupling of the HPG following gonadectomy and gonad-dependent levels after transplanting donor gonads. After six weeks, histological structures in transplanted gonads are consistent with expected steroidogenesis and gametogenesis. Interestingly, pituitary, ARC, and AVPV mRNA showed gonad- and sex-dependent expression patterns. Future work with this technique could lead to translation to gender affirming care and explorations of gonad-dependent sex differences in biomedical and basic research.

Medical Subject Headings

Animals; Female; Male; Mice; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Gonads; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis

PubMed ID

41355063

ePublication

ePub ahead of print

Volume

10

Issue

1

First Page

00316

Last Page

00316

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